What Causes Acne?
Acne involves the oil glands and hair follicles of the skin. Several factors can trigger or worsen it:
1. Hormonal Changes
Fluctuations during adolescence, menstrual cycles, or hormonal imbalances can increase androgen levels. These hormones stimulate excess oil production, leading to clogged pores and breakouts.
2. Excess Oil Production
Sebaceous glands produce sebum to protect the skin. When they become overactive, excess oil accumulates inside pores, causing blockages that develop into acne.
3. Diet & Lifestyle
While diet–acne links are still being researched, unhealthy lifestyle habits, lack of exercise, high stress levels, and improper skincare can aggravate acne symptoms.
4. Bacterial Growth
Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) naturally lives on the skin. When trapped inside clogged pores, it multiplies and triggers inflammation, worsening acne.
Types of Acne
Acne varies widely in appearance and severity.
A. Based on Age Groups
Once thought to affect only teenagers, acne is now recognized across three groups:
• Preadolescents
• Adolescents
• Post-adolescents / adults
B. Based on Severity
Acne typically begins with comedone formation—a buildup of sebum and dead skin cells that blocks the follicle.
1. Non-Inflammatory Acne
These lesions usually cause mild to moderate scarring.
• Whiteheads (closed comedones): Pores clogged beneath the skin surface.
• Blackheads (open comedones): Clogged pores exposed to air, leading to oxidation.
2. Inflammatory Acne
This occurs when bacteria and inflammation affect blocked pores.
- Papules: Small, red, inflamed bumps.
• Pustules: Similar to papules but filled with pus.
• Nodules: Large, painful lumps deep under the skin.
• Cysts: Severe, pus-filled, painful lesions that often cause scarring.
Inflammatory acne is more likely to leave long-term scars.
Common Myths About Acne
There are many misconceptions about acne. Let’s bust the most common ones:
Myth 1: Sun Exposure Clears Acne
The sun may temporarily dry the skin, making acne appear better. However, prolonged exposure increases inflammation, oiliness, and pigmentation, worsening the condition.
Myth 2: Acne Will Go Away on Its Own
Sometimes acne improves naturally, but leaving it untreated can lead to scarring and dark spots. Early treatment is always better.
Myth 3: Only Teenagers Get Acne
Not true—acne is common in adults, including those in their 30s, 40s, and beyond.
Myth 4: Acne Is Caused by Poor Hygiene
While cleansing is important, over-washing or scrubbing can irritate the skin and worsen acne. Acne is influenced by multiple factors—not just hygiene.
Myth 5: Makeup Causes Acne
Heavy, pore-clogging makeup can contribute to breakouts. But non-comedogenic and oil-free products are safe and formulated not to clog pores.
Final Thoughts
Understanding acne is the first step toward managing it effectively. By debunking myths and recognizing what truly contributes to acne, you can make informed choices about skincare and treatment.
Every skin type is unique—consulting a dermatologist ensures a personalized plan. With consistent skincare, a healthy lifestyle, and the right treatment, achieving clear, healthy skin is absolutely possible.